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Most of the time, you will see BDSM discussed or mentioned in the popular media. It is considered a sexual act. In other words, it's largely thought of as something people do for sexual arousal or pleasure. But is BDSM always about sex? Not necessarily.
As I've discussed on my blog in the past, people sometimes engage in BDSM activities for non-sexual gratification. One example is "puppy play," a type of role-playing in which adults imitate the looks and features of dogs. This usually involves a dominant-submission dynamic, such as the "puppy" playing a submissive role to the dominant "master" or "master." "Studies of people who engage in this activity have found that although it is often sexually satisfying, it can also be a form of entertainment, leisure and relaxation in its own right."
But is BDSM generally sexual or non-sexual? That question is the subject of a recent paper published in the journal Sex. The study included a survey of 1,642 pan-BDSM practitioners (a group of people who often refer to themselves as "freaks") who were asked about the relationship between BDSM and sex in their own lives.
I should mention that the study covered a lot of ground (including the specific role of BDSM, the intersection of BDSM and consensual non-monogamy, etc.). And well worth reading. However, for the purposes of this article, I will focus on the connection between sex and BDSM.
Participants were asked about their reasons for participating in BDSM, including whether they were at least sometimes motivated by sexual arousal and pleasure. In general, 92 percent said sex was one of their motivations for the activity; However, those who participated least in BDSM scenarios were more likely to report such motivation than those who participated most (94% versus 88%, respectively).
Participants were also asked whether BDSM activities were sexual or non-sexual to them. Again, the answer depends on their level of participation in BDSM:
For those with low participation, 83% thought BDSM was mainly sexual, 15% thought it was mainly non-sexual, and 2% thought it was non-sexual.
For those with moderate participation, 73 percent said BDSM was primarily sexual, 24 percent said it was primarily non-sexual, and 3 percent said it was non-sexual.
For the highly engaged, 61 percent said BDSM was primarily sexual, 35 percent said BDSM was primarily non-sexual, and 4 percent said BDSM was not sexual.
In other words, although most participants said BDSM was sexier, the more people who participated in BDSM scenarios, the more likely they were to practice non-sexual forms of BDSM.
Why is that? The study's authors suggest that this is because "the situation encourages relatives to view BDSM as less sexy and filters out those who view BDSM as less sexy." It is important to note that BDSM play Spaces often have formal rules and informal norms that are gendered to some extent.
This may be partly because some people want to get rid of the "dirty" connotations associated with sex and show that BDSM has social value in itself. However, it may also be because, over time, people who practice BDSM learn to derive other personal meanings from it.
Of course, there is also a possible selection effect: perhaps those who are most engaged in the scene perceive BDSM as less sexy in the first place. For example, these people may always derive more personal meaning from BDSM. It is worth mentioning that asexuals can also participate in BDSM - studies have shown that some asexuals form non-sexual relationships by participating in BDSM. So if people are drawn to BDSM for non-sexual reasons and are more likely to be highly engaged, this may help explain this effect.
It is important to reiterate that the findings of this study come from a universal BDSM scenario, which is not the only BDSM scenario that exists. Therefore, it is important to explore whether the same patterns emerge, for example, in the BDSM gay scene.
So, while we should not make broad generalizations about all BDSM practitioners from these findings, the key takeaway is that while PARTICIPATION in BDSM appears to contain more of a sexual element, BDSM is a non-sexual experience for at least some people. Therefore, future research on BDSM will benefit from more consideration, drawing attention to it and how it will evolve and change over time.